In cell biology, mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is an organelle membrane enclosed organelles of eukaryotic cells.These broad 0.5 to 10 micrometers (microns) in diameter. Mitochondria are sometimes described as a "mobile power plants" because they generate most of the range of cells, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in several other processes, such as signage, cell differentiation, cell death and cell cycle control and cell growth. Mitochondria have been involved in several human diseases, including cardiac dysfunction and mitochondrial disorders, and may play a role in the aging process. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek myths or μίτος, or LAN + χονδρίον chondrion, granules.
Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. Number of mitochondria in a cell varies widely by organism and tissue type. Many cells have only a single mitochondrion, whereas others may contain several thousand mitochondria. Organelle is composed of compartments that perform specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane and ridges and the matrix. mitochondrial proteins may vary depending on the tissue and species. In humans, 615 different types of proteins were identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas Murinae (rats), 940 proteins encoded by different genes have been reported. [9] We believe that the mitochondrial proteome dynamically regulated.Although most cellular DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, mitochondria have their own independent genome. In addition, its DNA shows substantial similarity of bacterial genomes.
Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. Number of mitochondria in a cell varies widely by organism and tissue type. Many cells have only a single mitochondrion, whereas others may contain several thousand mitochondria. Organelle is composed of compartments that perform specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane and ridges and the matrix. mitochondrial proteins may vary depending on the tissue and species. In humans, 615 different types of proteins were identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas Murinae (rats), 940 proteins encoded by different genes have been reported. [9] We believe that the mitochondrial proteome dynamically regulated.Although most cellular DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, mitochondria have their own independent genome. In addition, its DNA shows substantial similarity of bacterial genomes.
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